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ABSTRACT

Almost every type of information can be represented in digital form, including text, pictures, musical works, computer programs, databases, models and designs, video programs, and compound Works combining many types of information. Here I am covering the working of digital library along with its limitations. Its limitations are overcome by Semantic Digital library.

 

I propose a service-oriented architecture that explicitly includes a semantic layer which provides primitive services to the applications built on top of the digital library. As part of this layer, a specific component is described: the PIRATES framework. This module assists end users to complete several tasks concerning the retrieval of the most relevant content with respect to a description of their information needs Keywords- Semantic, digital library, repositoary, semantic web,archive

INTRODUCTION

Improvements in digitization have led, in the last decades, to a huge evolution in the way digital libraries and archives are conceived, designed, and used. Both the transition of library
materials from traditional to digital formats and the large (and continuously growing) availability of digital content pose new challenges. More sophisticated software tools are needed to meet the expectations of users, which are often high due to the classical information overload problem. Searching everything everywhere is becoming a habit also in digital libraries, but finding exactly what it is needed remains a very hard job . Data interoperability and sharing is another issue that must be faced when developing tools concerning digital library: often, contents and archives should be shared across different platforms and applications, usually by means of a Web-based infrastructure. we propose a service-oriented architecture that explicitly includes a semantic layer which provides primitive services to the applications built on top of the digital library. As part of this layer, a specific component is described: the PIRATES framework. This module assists end users to complete several tasks concerning the retrieval of the most relevant content with respect to a description of their information needs (a search query, a user profile, etc.). Techniques of user modeling, adaptive personalization, and knowledge representation are exploited to build the PIRATES services in order to fill the gap existing between traditional and semantic digital libraries.

Overview of the Digital Library System

2.1 The structure of information and sets of digital objects

This report gives an overview of the concepts as background to the more detailed explanation and the technical information. The purpose of the information architecture is to represent the riches and variety of library information, using the building blocks of the digital library system. From a computing view, the digital library is built up from simple components, notably digital objects. A digital object is a way of structuring information in digital form, some of which may be metadata, and includes a unique identifier, called a handle. However, the information in the digital library is far from simple. A single work may have many parts, a complex internal structure, and one or more arbitrary relationships to other works. To represent the complexity of information in the digital library, several digital objects may be grouped together. This is called a set of digital objects. All digital objects have the same basic
form, but the structure of a set of digital objects depends upon the information it represents.

The different types of material in a digital library, information can be divided into categories, e.g.: text with SGML mark-up, World Wide Web objects, computer programs, or digitized radio programs. Within each category, rules and conventions describe how to organize the information as sets of digital objects. For example, specific rules will describe how to represent a digitized radio program. For each category, the rules describe the digital objects that are used to represent material in the library, how each is represented, how they are grouped as a set of digital objects, the internal structure of each digital object, the associated metadata, and the conventions for naming the digital objects. A user interface that is aware of the rules and conventions applying to certain categories of information is able to interpret the structure of the set of digital objects. Complex information can be presented without the user having any knowledge of the complexity. Since the user interface recognizes how material is represented, it can provide unsophisticated users with Digital library objects.

In the digital library, information is stored as "digital objects". A primitive idea of a digital object is that it is just a set of bits, but this idea is too simple. The content of even the most basic digital object has some structure, and information, such as intellectual property rights, must be associated with the digital object. Figure 2 shows that a digital object in a repository has two parts, content and associated data, sometimes called "metadata".

To enable the content to represent useful information, its type must be known. Thus part of the content may be of type text (perhaps encoded in a mark-up language), while another part
may be of type audio. A single digital object may contain many types of content. It turns out that arbitrarily complex data types can be constructed from a few basic types, notably bit-
sequences, handles and other digital objects. By combining these in various combinations, any digital content can be represented.

To manage valuable intellectual property, certain metadata is required. This is shown in the figure. It always includes a unique identifier (the handle). It may also include properties such as rights and access methods. One property states whether a digital object is mutable, in that it may be altered after being placed in a repository. Another is a digital signature or other method of validating that an object has not been changed. Frequently, it is useful to keep a log of all transactions associated with each digital object.

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