Just a few years back, no one would have thought that internet traffic will increase at such a rapid rate that even gigabit capacity routers in the backbone will be insufficient to handle it. Today, routers with terabit switching capacities have become an essential requirement of the core backbone networks and gigabit routers find their place at the mid-core or even the edge. With deployment of more and more fiber and improvements in DWDM technology, terabit capacity routers are required to convert the abundant raw bandwidth into useful bandwidth. These routers require fast switched backplanes and multiple forwarding engines to eliminate the bottlenecks provided in traditional routers. Ability to efficiently support differentiated services is another feature which will be used along with total switching capacity to evaluate these routers. This survey paper explains the issues in designing terabit routers and the solutions for them. It also discusses about some of the key products in this area.
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